|
Density, r,
and Thermal Expansion Coefficient, a
Table
3a. Density: weight per unit volume; mass per unit volume
|
Material
|
Weight Density
|
Mass Density
|
|
lb/ft3
|
kN/m3
|
slug/ft3
|
kg/m3
|
|
Aluminum alloys
|
|
2014-T6,
7075-T6
|
175
|
28
|
5.4
|
2,800
|
|
6061-T6
|
170
|
26
|
5.2
|
2,700
|
|
Brass
|
520 - 540
|
82-85
|
16-17
|
8,400-8,600
|
|
Bronze
|
510 - 550
|
80-86
|
16-17
|
8,200-8,800
|
|
Cast iron
|
435 - 460
|
68-72
|
13-14
|
7,000-7,400
|
|
Concrete
|
|
Plain
|
145
|
23
|
4.5
|
2,300
|
|
Reinforced
|
150
|
24
|
4.7
|
2,400
|
| Lightweight
|
70 - 115
|
11 -18
|
2.2-3.6
|
1,100 -1,800
|
|
Copper
|
556
|
87
|
17
|
8,900
|
|
Glass
|
150 - 180
|
24 - 28
|
4.7 - 5.4
|
2,400 - 2,800
|
|
Magnesium alloys
|
110 - 114
|
17 - 18
|
3.4 - 3.5
|
1,760 - 1,830
|
|
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu)
|
550
|
87
|
17
|
8,800
|
|
Nickel
|
550
|
87
|
17
|
8,800
|
|
Plastics
|
|
Nylon
|
55 - 70
|
8.6 - 11
|
1.7 - 2.2
|
880 - 1,100
|
|
Polyethylene
|
60 - 90
|
9.4 - 14
|
1.9 - 2.8
|
960 - 1,400
|
|
Rock
|
|
Granite, marble, quartz
|
165 - 180
|
26 - 28
|
5.1 - 5.6
|
2,600 - 2,900
|
|
Limestone, Sandstone
|
125 - 180
|
20 - 28
|
3.9 - 5.6
|
2,000 - 2,900
|
|
Rubber
|
60 - 80
|
9 - 13
|
1.9 - 2.5
|
960 - 1,300
|
|
Sand, soil, gravel
|
75 - 135
|
12 - 21
|
2.3 - 4.2
|
1,200 - 2,200
|
|
Steel
|
490
|
77.0
|
15.2
|
7,850
|
|
Titanium
|
280
|
44
|
8.7
|
4,500
|
|
Tungsten
|
1,200
|
190
|
37
|
1,900
|
|
Water, Fresh
|
62.4
|
9.81
|
1.94
|
1,000
|
|
Water, Sea
|
63.8
|
10
|
1.98
|
1,020
|
|
Wood (air dry)
|
|
Douglas fir
|
30 - 35
|
4.7 - 5.5
|
0.9 - 1.1
|
480 - 560
|
|
Oak
|
40 - 45
|
6.3 - 7.1
|
1.2 - 1.4
|
640 - 420
|
|
Southern pine
|
35 - 40
|
5.5 - 6.3
|
1.1 - 1.2
|
560 - 640
|
Above
table per Gere's Mechanics of Materials, 5th Ed.
Table 3b. Thermal Expansion Coefficient,
a:
Strain
per unit change in degree temperature back
to top
|
Material
|
10-6/ ºF
|
10-6/ºC
|
|
Aluminum alloys
|
13
|
23
|
|
Brass
|
10.6 - 11.8
|
19.1 - 21.2
|
|
Bronze
|
9.9 - 11.6
|
18 - 21
|
|
Cast iron
|
5.5 - 6.6
|
9.9 - 12
|
|
Concrete
|
4 - 8
|
7 - 14
|
|
Copper & copper alloys
|
9.2 - 9.8
|
16.6 - 17.6
|
|
Glass
|
3 - 6
|
5 - 11
|
|
Magnesium alloys
|
14.5 - 16.0
|
26.1 - 28.8
|
|
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu)
|
7.7
|
14
|
|
Nickel
|
7.2
|
13
|
| Plastics |
| Nylon |
40 - 80
|
70 - 140
|
| Polyethylene |
80-160
|
140 - 290
|
| Rock |
3 - 5
|
5 - 9
|
| Rubber |
70 - 110
|
130 - 200
|
| Steel |
| High-Strength |
8.0
|
14
|
| Stainless |
9.6
|
17
|
| Structural |
6.5
|
12
|
| Titanium Alloys |
4.5 - 6.0
|
8.1 - 11
|
| Tungsten |
2.4
|
4.3
|
Table
per Gere's Mechanics of Materials, 5th Ed.
|
